Fixing the broken system of genetic locus symbols: Parkinson disease and dystonia as examples
Identifieur interne : 001523 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001522; suivant : 001524Fixing the broken system of genetic locus symbols: Parkinson disease and dystonia as examples
Auteurs : Connie Marras [Canada] ; Katja Lohmann [Allemagne] ; Anthony Lang [Canada] ; Christine Klein [Allemagne]Source :
- Neurology [ 0028-3878 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Chromosome Mapping (classification), Dystonia, Dystonia (diagnosis), Dystonia (genetics), Dystonic Disorders (diagnosis), Dystonic Disorders (genetics), Genetic Linkage (genetics), Genetic Loci (genetics), Genetic disease, Humans, Locus, Nervous system diseases, Parkinson Disease (diagnosis), Parkinson Disease (genetics), Parkinson disease.
- MESH :
- classification : Chromosome Mapping.
- diagnosis : Dystonia, Dystonic Disorders, Parkinson Disease.
- genetics : Dystonia, Dystonic Disorders, Genetic Linkage, Genetic Loci, Parkinson Disease.
- Humans.
Abstract
Originally, locus symbols (e.g., DYT1) were introduced to specify chromosomal regions that had been linked to a familial disorder with a yet unknown gene. Symbols were systematically assigned in a numerical series to designate mapped loci for a specific phenotype or group of phenotypes. Since the system of designating and using locus symbols was originally established, both our knowledge and our techniques of gene discovery have evolved substantially. The current system has problems that are sources of confusion, perpetuate misinformation, and misrepresent the system as a useful reference tool for a list of inherited disorders of a particular phenotypic class. These include erroneously assigned loci, duplicated loci, missing symbols, missing loci, unconfirmed loci in a consecutively numbered system, combining causative genes and risk factor genes in the same list, and discordance between phenotype and list assignment. In this article, we describe these problems and their impact, and propose solutions. The system could be significantly improved by creating distinct lists for clinical and research purposes, creating more informative locus symbols, distinguishing disease-causing mutations from risk factors, raising the threshold of evidence prior to assigning a locus symbol, paying strict attention to the predominant phenotype when assigning symbols lists, and having a formal system for reviewing and continually revising the list that includes input from both clinical and genetics experts.
Url:
Affiliations:
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Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease University of Toronto</s1><s2>Toronto</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohmann, Katja" sort="Lohmann, Katja" uniqKey="Lohmann K" first="Katja" last="Lohmann">Katja Lohmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology University of Lübeck</s1><s2>Lübeck</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Lübeck</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology University of Lübeck</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology University of Lübeck</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony" sort="Lang, Anthony" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony" last="Lang">Anthony Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. 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Symbols were systematically assigned in a numerical series to designate mapped loci for a specific phenotype or group of phenotypes. Since the system of designating and using locus symbols was originally established, both our knowledge and our techniques of gene discovery have evolved substantially. The current system has problems that are sources of confusion, perpetuate misinformation, and misrepresent the system as a useful reference tool for a list of inherited disorders of a particular phenotypic class. These include erroneously assigned loci, duplicated loci, missing symbols, missing loci, unconfirmed loci in a consecutively numbered system, combining causative genes and risk factor genes in the same list, and discordance between phenotype and list assignment. In this article, we describe these problems and their impact, and propose solutions. The system could be significantly improved by creating distinct lists for clinical and research purposes, creating more informative locus symbols, distinguishing disease-causing mutations from risk factors, raising the threshold of evidence prior to assigning a locus symbol, paying strict attention to the predominant phenotype when assigning symbols lists, and having a formal system for reviewing and continually revising the list that includes input from both clinical and genetics experts.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Canada</li></country><region><li>Ontario</li></region><settlement><li>Toronto</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Toronto</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Marras, Connie" sort="Marras, Connie" uniqKey="Marras C" first="Connie" last="Marras">Connie Marras</name></region><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony" sort="Lang, Anthony" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony" last="Lang">Anthony Lang</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lohmann, Katja" sort="Lohmann, Katja" uniqKey="Lohmann K" first="Katja" last="Lohmann">Katja Lohmann</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Klein, Christine" sort="Klein, Christine" uniqKey="Klein C" first="Christine" last="Klein">Christine Klein</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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